بسیاری از صاحبان کسبوکارهای اینترنتی پیش از اینکه بخواهند به طور حرفهای به فعالیت در حوزهی وب روی بیاوردند، وبسایتی را راهاندازی کردهاند و حالا بعد از طی زمان و استمرار فعالیت وبسایتشان به فکر درآمدزایی از آن هستند. از طرفی دیگر دستهای دیگری از افراد که به تازگی قصد راهاندازی یک کسبوکار آنلاین را از طریق وبسایت دارند از قوانین و مجوزهای لازم برای یک سایت اینترنتی مطلع نیستند. در این نوشته قصد داریم تا به طور کامل به همهی مجوزهای لازم برای کسبوکارهای اینترنتی که از طریق وبسایت فعال هستند بپردازیم.
ناگفته نماند که این روزها کسبوکارهای دیگری اینترنتی دیگر هم که در شبکههای اجتماعی، پیامرسانها و دیگر پلتفرمهای اینترنتی فعال هستند هم میتوانند اقدام به دریافت مجوز و فعالیت قانونی کنند. ما در این مقاله به آنها نمیپردازیم و به طور خاص به وبسایتها میپردازیم.
آیا کسبوکارهای اینترنتی و به طور کلی یک سایت اینترنتی نیاز به اخذ مجوز دارد؟
پاسخ کوتاه این سوال «بله» است. اما پاسخ کامل به این سوال شامل کل محتوای این مقاله میشود. پس اگر صاحب یک وبسایت و یا به طور کلی یک کسبوکار اینترنتی هستید و یا قصد راهاندازی آن راه دارید، حتما تا انتهای این مقاله همراه باشید.
کاریرد و لزوم دریافت مجوز برای کسبوکار اینترنتی
اگر صاحب یا صاحبان یک وبسایت اینترنتی قصد انجام فعالیتهای اقتصادی و کسب درآمد در آن را نداشته باشند، در اغلب موارد هیچ نیازی به اخذ هیچگونه مجوزی برای آن وبسایت وجود ندارد. ولی اخذ مجوزهای لازم از زمانی برای یک وبسایت اهمیت پیدا میکند که قصد کسبوکار داشته باشید. خصوصا اگر نیاز به دریافت درگاههای بانکی و یا حمایتها دولتی و قانونی را داشته باشد. هرچند در مواردی برای وبسایتهایی که به طور مستقیم اقدام به دریافت پول نمیکنند ولی دارای بازدید زیادی هستند و یا در حوزههایی همچون آموزش که حساسیت مراجع قانونی بر روی آنها بیشتر هست فعالیت میکنند هم نیاز به دریافت مجوزهای لازم است.
آیا وبسایتها و کسبوکارهای اینترنتی فعال در حوزههای مختلف نیاز به مجوزهای مجزا دارند؟
هم بله و هم خیر. به بیان دیگر مجوزهای کسبوکارهای اینترنتی را میتوان به دو گروه عمومی و اختصاصی تقسیمبندی کرد.
۱. مجوزهای عمومی کسبوکارهای اینترنتی
همهی سایتهای اینترنتی که تحت قوانین جمهوری اسلامی ایران فعالیت میکنند باید حداقل اقدام به دریافت چند مجوز عمومی کنند. هرچند که این قاعده توسط بسیاری رعایت نمیشود، ولی با توجه به اینکه طی این مراحل قانونی و دریافت مجوزهای لازم برای فعالیت قانونی کسبوکارهای اینترنتی ساده و کمهزینه است، پیشنهاد میکنیم که به دریافت این مجوزها مبادرت کنید.
۱.۱. ستاد ساماندهی پایگاههای اینترنتی (ساماندهی)
«ستاد ساماندهی پایگاههای اینترنتی ایران» وابسته به مرکز توسعه فناوری اطلاعات و رسانههای دیجیتال وزارت فرهنگ و ارشاد اسلامی است، وظیفهی این ستاد احراز هویت پایگاههای اینترنتی است که مدیران آن تحت قوانین جمهوری اسلامی ایران تحت فعالیت هستند. یکی از کاربردهای اطلاعات به دست آمده از مالکان وبسایتها، استفاده از آنها در کارگروه محتوای مجرمانه است. اگر یک کسبوکار اینترنتی اقدام به اخذ مجوز ستاد ساماندهی کند، در صورتی که به طور عامدانه و یا سهوی تحت فیلترینگ کارگروه محتوای مجرمانه قرار بگیرد میتواند با این کارگروه تماس بگیرد و در صورت نیاز به حذف محتوای مورد حساسیت اقدام به رفع فیلتریبنگ و ادامهی فعالیت کند.
چه سایتهای باید نماد و مجوز ستاد ساماندهی پایگاههای اینترنتی ایران را دریافت کنند؟
- تجاری
- شرکتی
- شخصی
- فرهنگی
- دولتی
- همهی وبسایتها اعم از کسبوکارهای اینترنتی و وبسایتهای شخصی و شرکتی باید اقدام به دریافت این مجوز و نماد کنند.
۲.۱. نماد اعتماد الکترونیکی (اینماد)
«نماد اعتماد الکترونیک» تاییدیهای است که از طرف مرکز توسعه تجارت وزارت صنعت، معدن و تجارت (صمت) به عنوان مرجع قانونگذار کسبوکارهای اینترنتی و متولی تجارت الکترونیک در ایران به فروشگاههای اینترنتی دارای صلاحیت داده میشود. هدف از نماد اعتماد الکترونیک یا آنطور که مشهور است، اینماد، احراز هویت مالکان فروشگاههای اینترنتی، تایید صلاحیت این فروشگاهها برای فعالیت و همچنین ساماندهی کسبوکارهای اینترنتی است.
چه سایتهای نیاز به دریافت اینماد دارند؟
- وبسایتهای فروش محصولات فیزیکی یا مجازی (همچون دورههای آموزشی)
- وبسایتهای فروش خدمات
چه سایتهایی نیاز به دیافت اینماد ندارند؟
- وبسایتهای اطلاعرسانی و خبری
- وبسایتهای شخصی
- وبسایتهای شرکتی
- هر وبسایت که فروش کالا و خدمات ندارد
۲. مجوزهای اختصاصی کسبوکارهای اینترنتی
کسبوکارهای اینترنتی که قصد فعالیت در حوزههای خاص همچون غذا و دارو، آموزش، کتاب و رسانه را دارند باید اقدام به دریافت مجوز از نهادهای مربوطه دارند. به عنوان نمونه اگر یک وبسایت قصد فروش کتاب را داشته باشد، باید از وزارت فرهنگ و ارشاد اقدام به اخذ مجوز لازم کند. همچنین وبسایتهایی که قصد فعالیت در حوزهی صادرات و واردات را دارند باید از وزارت صنعت، معدن و تجارت (صمت) و اتاق بازرگانی اقدام به دریافت مجوز فعالیت و کارت بازرگانی کنند.
*** در حال حاضر وبسایتهایی که نیاز به دریافت اینماد دارند، در صورت احراز صلاحتی و دریافت این نماد نیاز به درخواست و احراز صلاحیت مجزا برای ستاد ساماندهی ندارند . این مجوز به طور خودکار به آنها تعلق میگیرد.
*** در حال حاظر اینماد دارای دو درجهی یکستاره و دوستاره است. وبسایتهایی که صلاحیت دریافت اینماد آنها (به طور پیشفرض یکستاره) تایید شود میتوانند با دریافت گواهینامهی SSL برای وبسایت خود اقدام به دریافت اینماد دوستاره کنند.
*** اگر وبسایتی اقدام به دریافت هر کدام از این نمادهای قانونی کند، از طرف ستاد ساماندهی و یا اینماد به آنها یک کد برنامه تعلق میگیرند که با قرار دادن آن کد در سایت، مخاطبان این سایتها میتوانند اطلاعات اختصاصی مربوط به آن وبسایت را مشاهده کنند.
*** دیده شده که بعضی از وبسایتها عامدانه یا سهوا تصویری از این نمادها را در وبسایت خود قرار میدهند. این اقدام به معنی جعل نشان قانونی است.
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