شاید برای خیلی از افراد این سوال پیش بیاید که تفاوت رهبری کردن و مدیریت کردن یک تیم و سازمان چه میتواند باشد؟ و آیا اصلا این دو باهم تفاوت دارند؟ و اگر تفاوت دارند، شامل چه مواردی میشود؟
رهبری و مدیریت یک تیم علاوه بر تفاوتهایی که دارند، دارای شباهتهایی نیز هستند. یک رهبر و یک مدیر هدف یکسانی دارند و آن پیش بردن وظایف سازمان و تیم است. حال آنکه در روش اجرا و نحوه هدف گذاریها متفاوت عمل میکنند.
ما در ادامه بخشی از ویژگیهای یک رهبر و مدیر را برای شما مقایسه میکنیم و از سازمانهای که به هرکدام از آنها نیاز دارند سخن خواهیم گفت.
ویژگیهای یک رهبر و مدیر
رهبر توسعه میدهد و مدیر حفظ میکند
یک رهبر با قرار گرفتن در مرکز تغییرات و ایجاد انگیزه برای کارکنان خود تیم را به سمت موفقیتها و دستیابیهای بیشتر هدایت میکند، اما یک مدیر صرفا از روش مدیران قبلی تقلید کرده تا شرایط را همانگونه که هست به بهترین شکل ممکن نگهداری کند و سعی کند تیم از آن موقعیتی که در آن قرار دارد پایین تر نیاید.
یک رهبر به کارکنان خود اعتماد میکند و یک مدیر کنترل کارکنان را ترجیح میدهد
یک رهبر به اعضای تیم خود اعتماد کامل دارد و میداند که آنها وظایف خود را به نحو احسن انجام میدهند و اگر جایی نیاز ببیند که یکی از اعضا به آموزش احتیاج دارد خودش اقدام به آموزش میکند. یک مدیر ترجیح میدهد که با اعمال کنترل کامل و مرحله به مرحله بر روی افراد تیم، کارها را تحویل بگیرد و معمولا کار را با افراد غیرمتخصص تمام میکند.
یک رهبر وضع موجود را به چالش میکشد و یک مدیر وضع موجود را حفظ میکند
همانطور که گفته شده، یک رهبر با قرار دادن خود در مرکز تغییرات سعی میکند تا تغییرات بیشتر و بهتری برای تیم حاصل کند، که این موضوع مستلزم آن است که پا را فراتر از وضعیت موجود بگذارند و شرایط را به چالش بکشند بلکه وضع مطلوبتری را رقم بزنند. اما یک مدیر با حفظ شرایط کنونی سعی میکند تا همه چیز را در جای خود نگه دارد و حاضر نیست که شرایط کنونی را به خطر بیاندازد.
یک رهبر مسئولیت کارهایش را میپذیرد ولی یک مدیر به پایین دستیها ارجاع میدهد
اگر خطایی از تیم سر بزند، رهبر مسئولیت آن را بر عهده گرفته و سعی میکند برای حل آن مشکل بکوشد تا بلکه مشکل پیش آمده رفع شود. اما یک مدیر خطاها را به پایین دستیهای خود ارجاع داده و آنها را بدین سبب مواخذه میکند.
یک رهبر ریسک میکند و یک مدیر محافظه کار است
یک رهبر ریسک میکند و سعی میکند قدمهای بلندی برای تیم بردارد. اما یک مدیر وظیفه دارد تا ریسک را برای تیم کاهش دهد و به همین دلیل از پذیرفت ریسک سرباز میزند.
یک رهبر اهداف بلند مدت دارد ولی یک مدیر طبق اهداف و برنامههای کوتاه مدت پیش میرود
یک رهبر دید بلند مدت به فعالیتهای تیم دارد و سعی میکند تا نتایجی که میگیرد در بلند مدت اثر گذار باشند. ولی یک مدیر اهداف خود را کوتاه مدت میچیند و سعی میکند تا برنامههای خود را براساس آن سامان دهد.
رهبر انگیزه میدهد و مدیر دستور
یک رهبر سعی میکند تا به اعضای تیم انگیزه دهد، بلکه همه اعضای تیم تشویق به کار بیشتر شوند. اما یک مدیر دستورات کار را ارائه میدهد و میخواهد تا بهترین شکل ممکن انجام داده شوند.
در چه سازمانهایی به یک رهبر و در چه سازمانهایی به یک مدیر نیازمندیم
رهبر و مدیر، در دو ساختار سازمانی متفاوت مشغول به کار میشوند. یک مدیر، معمولا در ساختارهای سازمانی و دستور محور به کار گرفته میشود تا بهترین اثر و بازدهی را برای سازمان بتواند اعمال کند. یک مدیر موفق، با ارائه دستورهای موردنیاز به پیش بردن اهداف کوتاه مدت کمک میکند. مدیران معمولا در سازمانهایی به کارگرفته میشوند که وظایف مشخصی دارند و نیازی به پیشرفت و توسعه سازمان دیده نمیشود مانند سازمانهای دولتی. اما یک رهبر در سازمانهای منعطف که قصد و هدف آنها توسعه سازمان است، کار میکند و بیشتر از نحوه انجام کار، به کیفیت کار توجه میکنند. یک رهبر خوب و موفق میتواند با ایجاد انگیزه و یک هدف مشخص برای کل تیم، اعضای تیم را به کار بیشتر و بهتر ترغیب کند.
اداره سازمانهایی که انعطاف بیشتری دارند را نمیتوان به دست یک مدیر داد. چرا که مدیر برای حفظ شرایط موجود تلاش میکند و یک رهبر برای دستیابی به موقعیتهای بیشتر اهدافاش را میچیند. و همچنین برعکس، وجود یک رهبر در سازمانهایی که هدفی مبنا بر ارتقا کار ندارند بیهوده است؛ چرا که وظایف این نوع از سازمانها از قبل تعریف شده است.
پرسشهای متداول درباره تفاوت رهبری و مدیریت
کار یک رهبر مهمتر است یا یک مدیر؟
هر کدام از این مشاغل در موقعیت خاص خود ارزشمند و ارزش آفرین هستند.
سه تفاوت رهبر و مدیر چیست؟
رهبر انگیزه میدهد ولی مدیر دستور میدهد، یک رهبر توسعه میدهد و یک مدیر حفط میکند، یک رهبر ریسک میکند ویک مدیر محافظه کار است.
آیا یک مدیر، رهبر نیز می تواند باشد؟
البته، مدیری که کارمندان از سر ترس و اجبار برای او کار انجام دهند، پس از مدتی شاهد افت کارکرد کارمندان و از دست دادن انگیزه کارکناناش خواهد شد. به این سبب حفظ تعادل بین رهبری کردن و مدیریت کردن لازم و ضروری است.
مقالاتی که در مورد رشد کسب و کار قرار میدید بسیار برام جذاب هستن سپاسگزارم
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